Full details on data limitations and conclusion can be found in the technical guide. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. First time offenders accounted for 24% of offenders who were cautioned or convicted In England and Wales in 2019, of which 78% were male and 22% females[footnote 88]. The other ethnic groups all had the same custody rate of 35%. , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS: Senior Legal Manager, Chief Crown Prosecutor and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ: Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS: Senior Civil Servant; Police: Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary: High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. Of the females remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences in 2019, 80% were White, 10% were Black, 4% were Asian, 5% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. Court judges have seen similar increases to 26% female staff, largely driven by High Court Judge appointments. The strategy sets out the Governments commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: The strategy aims to take an evidence-based approach to reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders. The number of TVLEO prosecutions has decreased for both female (down 30%) and male (down 37%) defendants since 2015, although the decrease between 2018 and 2019 was negligible compared to previous years. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. Females represented 5% of the prison population and this proportion has remained stable over the last five years. Benefit fraud females made up 58% of the 1160 convictions for indictable benefit fraud offences up 2 pp from 2015. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. , Defendants with unknown age and sex are excluded. Data are presented in terms of calendar and financial years (usually 2019 or 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. Youth custody data report for June 2014 published. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical information. This chapter also includes analysis on the educational attainment and overall educational background of offenders through a data sharing exercise between MoJ and DfE. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Cannabis warnings and community resolutions will not be considered when looking at out of court disposals because they are not recorded by sex. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. Youth custody report for March 2015 published. This offence accounted for 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. In 2017, the aggregate amount of child support that was expected for receipt was $30 billion; 62% of that amount was actually received, averaging $3,431 per custodial parent. As at 30 June 2019, there were 9,100 prisoners held on remand (unsentenced), 6% of the prison population held on remand were female and this proportion was stable over the last 5 years. There are some depressing statistics in this regard: 83% of sole-custody awards go to women. The proportion of ineffective and cracked trials was higher for females (20% and 37%) than males (16% and 33%) in 2019. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. The number of arrests has seen a larger percentage decrease for children than adults over the last 5 years, with decreases of 21% for adults and 27% for children since 2015/16. A 5-year time series have been presented wherever possible, of whichever length is most appropriate in context. Press enquiries should be directed to the Ministry of Justice press office: Other enquiries about these statistics should be directed to the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: Damon Wingfield, Responsible Statistician and Head of Criminal Justice System Statistics This idea was developed in the 1980s by Richard Gardner, a crank psychiatrist who thought child sexual abuse is not necessarily traumatic, and that mothers who don't fulfil their partners. Figure 4.01: Number of arrests, by age group and sex, 2015/16 to 2019/20. , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. In the most recent year, the CPS and MoJ had the highest proportions of senior staff who were female at 57% and 51%, respectively; these were the only organisations where the representation of females in senior positions was higher than that of males. Other defendants such as companies and public bodies are also excluded. This aligns with the differences in the types of offence males and females were typically prosecuted for, as discussed in Chapter 8: Offence Analysis. Males were serving longer custodial sentence length. Drunkenness in charge of a child females made up 67% of the 162 convictions, up 6 pp from 2015. It is our intention to develop and test a new methodology that maintains our high professional standards and ensures that accurate, consistent series are available to all. As a consequence, care should be taken to ensure the limitations of these data are taken into account. The representation of females among HMPPS staff (excluding NPS)[footnote 122] has increased over the last five years, from 39% to 42%. 5. separation. In 2019, females accounted for the highest proportion of Local Authority prosecutions for the first time since 2016. Errors in our statistical systems and processes. Custody Rate and Average Custodial Sentence Length (ACSL)[footnote 83]. For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. Possession of an article with blade or point (760 sentenced). In 2018/19, the most frequent method of killing was sharp instrument for both males (46%) and females (25%), accounting for 39% of all homicides, consistent with previous years. Five-year time series refers to 2014/15 to 2018/19. 20 divorce facts for 2020. The overall style and composition of the report have also been changed to align with Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2018, with the intention of making it easier for readers to interpret the relative experiences of males and females throughout the CJS. Youth custody data for December 2016 published. Child Custody Statistics by Gender Who is most likely to be a custodial parent? In 2019, there were 72,200 first receptions into prison, of which 90% were male and 10% were female. Figure 7.09: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 who receiving Free School Meals, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.2), Special Educational Needs (SEN)[footnote 104]. Overall personal crime rates continue to decrease from 2015/16. , Published figures for self-harm in prison can be found in Safety in Custody Statistics. , Where sex is known. See technical guide for more information. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. In 2019, 60,800 cautions were issued, 78% to males and 22% to females. These figures are calculated differently from those used for the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin, which is used as the basis for the section on plea at the Crown Court and the remainder of the Crown Court committal section they are not directly comparable to these sections. Figure 4.05: Number of cautions issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Consistently, the proportion of females who reported experiencing domestic abuse in the last year (7.3%) was twice that of males (3.6%). Youth custody report November 2017 and youth custody data for November 2017 published. This proportion has remained very similar over the last 5-year period. Youth custody report for February 2017 published. Higher proportions of females in contact with liaison and diversion services were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, had financial needs and were abuse victims. These offences accounted for a larger proportion of female arrests, whereas drug offences and sexual offences accounted for larger proportions of male arrests. Youth custody report and data for January 2018 published. Three-year time series refers to 2016/17 to 2018/19. The proportions of female practitioners vary across the CJS organisations (Figure 9.01)[footnote 121]. SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. This report provides an overview of these children and their custodial parents, including their socioeconomic characteristics and the types and the amount of child support received from noncustodial parents. Throughout this report we refer to sex rather than gender, because the binary classification better reflects how individuals are generally reported or managed through the CJS. Analysis of offender characteristics such as SEN and FSM is also based on academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15. The analysis in this report addresses the key subject areas and goes some way to provide an evidence base for monitoring progress and aiding policy making decisions for the future. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics, differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation, but should not be taken as evidence of unequal treatments or as direct effects of sex. The proportion of female children remanded in custody (17%) was lower than male children (48%). , The overall increase in ACSL may be connected to changes in sentencing guidelines see accompanying technical guide for further details. In 2019, 50% of PNDs were paid in full, and 35% resulted in a fine for late payment. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. , Data for offending history includes both indictable and summary offences - unless otherwise stated. Youth custody data - February 2014 published. Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. Therefore, to ensure comparability with previous years, these police forces are excluded from arrests analyses. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. In 2019, sentences for female offenders had a higher level of concordance with their pre-sentence report (excluding Other) (66%) than male offenders (59%). The only exceptions are when we are deliberately discussing all aged offenders. A fast delivery PSR is only suitable where the case was of low seriousness or medium seriousness, and where the court indicates that a community sentence is being considered. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. It has not been possible to accurately replicate the existing methodology and produce robust estimates in time for this release following changes to the way that data are recorded. Figure 3.03: Number of homicide offences currently recorded by the police, by sex of victim, 2008/09 to 2018/19. In 2019, the most common sentence for this offence was a fine, received by 87% of females sentenced and 90% of males. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. In 2019, male children had an ACSL of 19.1 months and female children had an ACSL of 19.0 months. Report and data for March 2018 published. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. Report and data for December 2017 published. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. Main facts and figures. Findings from a recent data sharing exercise between the MoJ and the Department for Education (DfE) are presented here, with analysis on a matched cohort of those who were in Year 6 in either 2008/09 or 2009/10 and who were aged ten at the start of those academic years[footnote 91][footnote 92]. Of those sentenced, a consistently higher proportion of female offenders were fined and had a lower average fine than male offenders over the last 5 years. As with personal crime, a greater proportion of males were victims, than females (3.6% and 1.4%, respectively). When men get awarded child support, they average 17% less than women. Similarly, in just over half of all . Youth custody report for September 2016 published. Figure 7.07: Proportion of males and female offenders by offending history, England and Wales, 2015 and 2019. , Fast Delivery PSR (oral) The Criminal Justice Act 2003 removed the requirement for all PSRs to be written. The publication aims to help practitioners, policy makers, academics and members of the public understand trends in the CJS in England and Wales, and how these vary between the sexes and over time. Child custody statistics from the US Census Bureau report published in May 2020 and gathered in 2018 show that there were 12.9 million custodial parents in the US, living with 21.9 million children under 21. , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. As with adults, the most common offence group was violence against the person, for which 37% of female young people were being dealt with when referred to liaison and diversion services compared to 19% of male young people. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. Male victims were comparatively younger, with equal proportions within the 16-24 and 25-34 age groups (both 22%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year among men aged 16-74 for 2019/20 (0.7%) compared to 2018/19. In 2018/19, 12,300[footnote 30] young people engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which 19% were female. The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. Females reported that it was harder for family and friend to visit them in prison (this may be due to there being fewer female prisons so the average distance from home is greater). It considers how these experiences have changed over time and how they contrast to the typical experiences of males. For more detailed analysis on out of court disposals, see Chapter 4: Police Activity. Defendants with unknown or not stated ethnicity accounted for 28% of all indictable prosecutions in 2019. The study included 15 years of published cases involving alienation, abuse, and custody, while coding parties' claims and defenses, outcomes, and other key factors by gender and parental status. Youth custody report for February 2016 published. The number of individuals formally dealt with by the CJS includes defendants prosecuted at magistrates court and individuals given a caution or Penalty Notice for Disorder (PND). Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. Young males receiving less than 12 months in custody were less likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (60% v 67%). , A release is defined as a release from prison where the prisoner has finished serving the custodial term of their sentence and excludes unsentenced prisoners on remand. Therefore, to ensure comparability across year, these forces have been excluded from the calculations for the year on year change. , Details can be found in the Technical Guide published alongside this report. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. Previous data representing ages 16-59 are therefore incomparable to data after April 2017. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. TV licence evasion was the most common offence for which females were convicted in 2019. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. The conviction ratio has been consistently higher for female offenders over the last 5 years, and was 88% in 2019, compared to 87% for males. Following changes to the administrative systems at the Crown Court that completed in September 2019, estimates of defendants representation status at the Crown Court are not available for this release. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved any pass in their GCSEs (or equivalents) was high; 80% for males and 83% for females. The main source of referral was police custody, accounting for 72% of males and 73% of females referred to liaison and diversion services. The proportion of PNDs issued to females was stable at 22% until 2018 when it fell to 19% and then to 18% in 2019. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. Youth custody data for October 2017 published. Lone parents with dependent children represented 17% of all families with dependent children in 2019, and females accounted for 91% of these lone parents[footnote 117]. The overall levels of FSM eligibility for the cohort was slightly higher for the young female group (61%) compared to the young male group (57%). This is particularly true in relation to the most serious offence types and sentences, though patterns by sex vary between individual offences. Females accounted for 15% of arrests, unchanged since 2015/16. Comparisons with previous years are not possible due to changes in the order of questions asked influencing overall trends. This is largely due to the introduction of the offence of assaulting an emergency worker in 2018, for which 3,300 females were prosecuted in 2019. Self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3 instances, compared to 4.4 for males. The difference was greatest amongst those receiving fines, where a greater proportion of young females attained this level (22%) than the young male group (15%). In 2019, the highest level of concordance (excluding suspended sentence orders) for both males and females was in custodial sentences, at 89% for males and 79% for females[footnote 55]. The proportion of convicted offenders who were female was 27% in 2019 and has remained stable over the last 5 years. , The data in this section refers to arrests for notifiable crimes recorded by the police. Similar proportions are seen in convictions. Of those remanded in custody at magistrates court in 2019, 65% of male defendants were sent for trial or sentencing at Crown Court, compared to 50% of female defendants. The proportion of young females who had been permanently excluded and sentenced to a fine was 9%, compared to 15% for young males, a 6 percentage point difference. There were some differences between the gender groups at this attainment level across all disposals. Between 2015 and 2019 there was a rise in proportion of defendants electing to be tried at the Crown Court, up 7 percentage points for females and 8 percentage points for males. ONS data from 2012 shows that of the UK's 400,000 single parent families, only 13.5% of these (54,000) are single dads. This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent[footnote 110] from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded[footnote 111] from school, or have received a fixed period exclusion[footnote 112], at any point during KS4. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched cohort, over half received FSM. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. The conviction ratio for female children in 2019 was 67%, 4 percentage points lower than in 2015 and 3 percentage points lower than the male child conviction ratio (70%) in 2019. A greater proportion of female offenders are sentenced for offences that tend to receive shorter sentences. Youth custody report for August 2013 published. There is a glossary that explains the definition of each disposal in the technical guide, along with a summary of the data share. The biggest difference between males and females in median days from offence to completion is the 102 days more (25%) for females in fraud offence cases, which can be explained by the 108 days higher offence to charge for females in comparison to males. Mental health needs were higher for young females, the majority of which were for emotional and behavioural issues, affecting 31% of females and 18% of males. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males. [A pupil may be excluded for one or more fixed periods up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. Females reported better conditions and facilities than males regarding: having their own cell, clean clothes, clean sheets, relationships with staff and contacting family and friends. We will provide further updates regarding the availability of a consistent back series in subsequent Criminal Court Statistics publications[footnote 44]. Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs without a statement, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.3). Penalty Notices for Disorder (PND)[footnote 32] issued. Intimate reflects the nature of the relationship between victim and perpetrator or the nature or the abuse itself. Figure 7.08: Adult reoffending rate by age group and sex, April 2017 to March 2018 offender cohort, England and Wales. There is only ever one principal suspect per homicide victim. These proportions have remained stable for the last 5 years. These data comes from the Child Support Supplement to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). An oral report is usually completed within 24 hours of conviction where a limited amount of information is required by the sentencing court. This is the latest biennial compendium of Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System and follows its sister publication Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System published last year. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. those who deal with civil, family law and criminal cases. The largest increase in female representation was seen in court judges by 5 percentage points, to 32%. April 2017 to March 2018) offender cohort. Figure 7.03: Average Custodial Sentence Lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. All organisations within the CJS have increased female representation among senior staff over the last 5 years. Offenders with 15 or more previous cautions or convictions. As with PNDs, a larger proportion of female offenders were cautioned for theft offences (19% compared to 10% for males) whereas a larger proportion of male offenders were cautioned for drug offences (27% compared to 13% for females). Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. In 2018/19, 671 individuals were victims of homicide in England and Wales; 64% of which were males and 36%, females (Figure 3.03). The strategy sets out the Government's commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater This differs between functions within HMPPS, with the Prison Service (including Youth Custody Service) representing a lower proportion of females than the HMPPS as a whole, rising from 37% to 39%.
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